BEHAVIORISM (behaviorist approach)
1920 to 1950
EDUCATION
AUDIO-LINGUAL METHOD
repeating
REPEAT AFTER ME!!!
imitation
memorization
teacher directed
OPERANT CONDITIONING
practice
response
learning is changing behaviour
observable behaviour
adapting environment
learning : passive process
punishment
decrease the possibilities of behaviour
Punished behavior is not forgotten
stimulus
reinforcement
increase the possibilities of behaviour
NEGATIVE
if you do not complete your homework, you give your teacher £5. You will complete your homework to avoid paying £5, thus strengthening the behavior of completing your homework.
POSITIVE
For example, if your teacher gives you £5 each time you complete your homework (i.e. a reward) you will be more likely to repeat this behavior in the future, thus strengthening the behavior of completing your homework.
A simple way to shape behavior is to provide feedback on learner performance
compliments
encouragement
All behavior is learnt from the environment.
no free will
a person’s environment determines their behavior
born : 'tabula rasa' (a blank slate).
IVAN PAVLOV
CLASSICAL CONDITIONING
dog - food - salvation
unconditioned response
unconditioned stimulus
bell
conditioned stimulus
continued behavior
conditioned response
SKINNER
OPERANT CONDITIONING
Reinforcement
positive reinforcement
well done
great
excellent
good job
good grades
praise
punishment
BEHAVIOR SHAPING
BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION
