TROPICAL RAINFOREST
by
SylviaKoa
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TROPICAL RAINFOREST
STRUCTURES
Layers
Emergent
Much Sunlight(50m)
tall , straight , smooth trunks with a few branches
Undergrowth
Dark no sunlight(20m)
New node
small , thin , widely spread.
hot and wet environment cause rapid decomposition resulting thin layer of leave litter
Canopy
Thick,woody vines with little sunlight(30m)
continuous cover (like an umbrella blocking 90% of sunlight )
ADAPTATION
LEAVES
ROOTS
Roots are shallow as nutrients are found in the top layer of soil
Buttress roots are large which grows 1-5 metres above grounds
New node
drip tips
Broad to capture sunlight
Waxy , leathery,hairy surface to minimise lose of moisture.
narrow downward pointing tips to prevent fungi/bacteria from growing
Bark and Branches
Smooth Bark allows rainwater to flow easily
node
New node
Obtain maximum amount of sunlight
Fruits And Flower
Air is still in tropical rainforest
hard to reproduce , so insects help
Colourful , strong-smelling to attract insect for pollination
Uses of tropical Rainforests
Water Catchment
area drained by river or smaller river to flow to it
tropical rainforest are large water catchment
rain water drops and trap in soil before it flows to resevoir
supplies water for our daily needs
Green Lungs of the Earth
tropical rainforest absorb carbon dioxide from the atmosphere and release oxygen through photosynthesis
more than 20% of the earth's oxygen is given out by the amazon forest alone
Tropical rainforest act as earth's natural air purifier
absorb about 2.4 billion carbon dioxide in 1 year
Habitat to Flora and Fauna
Home to more than 2 million species.
ample sunlight is converted by plants into energy and food through photosynthesis
inturn , plants eaten by animals
continious canopy is a habitat where plants can grow and animals can live in .
Habitat to indigenous people
60 million indigenous people dependent on the forest
live in tropical rainforest for thousand of years
provide them with daily necessities
Source of Timber
tropical rainforest provide wood for fuel in countries where people depend on fire to cook
timber refers to wood used to built many things
products made (doors , window frames , furniture etc.)
Medical Application
also known as the world largest 'pharmacy'
huge source of medication
cancer-fighting properties
nearly 3,000 plant species have been identified to have such properties
Why does Deforestation occurs?
Agricultural activities
Environmental Impact
Loss of biodiversity
Loss of water catchment areas
Increased risk of flooding,soil erosion and sedimentation
Enhanced Greenhouse effect
global warming
Cattle Ranching
Operating Large farms to raise cattles
Logging
Cutting down of trees for timber or building of furnitures
Mining
to get gold , diamond etc( items that can only be found underground)
How does Deforestation impct people and the environment?
Economic Impact
Depletion of natural resourses
Social Impact
Effects on indigenous people
How should we manage deforestation?
Protection of forested areas
Reforestation
Controlled logging
Public Education