13 colonies

by scotty3292

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13 coloniesEuropeans implemented mercantilisWay to increase national gold, silver supplyAccess to wealth allowed for standing armiesMercantilism: 3 goalsEliminate imports, expand exports: favorable trade balanceNetwork of colonies: provide raw materials, market for goodsManage global economy (industry, trade monopolies)France1600s: developed war fleet, sent explorersBrought specialists to design industriesMercantilism thrivedEnglandBy mid-1500s: population boomBooming wool industryMandatory low wages to encourage profitsMuscovy Company, British East India Company given charters

1600s: navigation laws—only British ships, crews in tradeAmerican coloniesEstablished as direct result of mercantilism
Private investment companies developed regions for production
Colonial producers guaranteed regular profits, safe market
Atlantic economy: Triangular trade
Trade routes linked Britain, Africa, West Indies, 13 colonies
English shipping brought slaves from West Africa, other goods
Ships left West Indies with sugar, molasses bound for colonies
Granulated sugar sent to Europe, rum to Africa to trade for slaves
Slaves brought back to Caribbean
Net result
English colonies saw population boom
Growth of towns, cities
Supported by craftsmen, teamsters, merchants
Mercantilism highly profitable
Prosperous colonists = prosperous shoppers
Helped shape Great Britain into global powerhouse
Colonies Thrive under Salutary Neglect
Mid-1500s: Mercantilism grew
Initially based on cottage-industry wool production
Developed colonies, policies encouraging expansion, land
Supported shipping, investors, colonies
Built increasingly powerful, skillful fleets
Passed Navigation Acts (1660s), created oversight board
Mostly successful at establishing tenacious colonial structure
Charles IISought absolute monarchy
Established controls over colonial economy, politics
Eroded freedoms productive to mercantilist empire
Reasserted royal authority, dismissed colonial legislatures
Created super colony: Dominion of New England
Constrained by moConstrained by monarchs

narchs
In England, Glorious Revolution (1689)
Rebellion in New York, Massachusetts
Salutary neglect
Continued mercantilism: English maintained global market
Colonies protected at sea, on land
Colonies allowed to do things on own, created prosperous region
Free from British taxation
Maintained colonial legislatures
Profitable export industries, began manufacturing
When England moved away from policy, revolution
Mercantilism Alienates Colonists
Results of French and Indian War
France forced out of colonies
Britain in financial trouble
Colonists eager to move west
Colonists eager to move west
Colonists shown to be more independent than before
New nodeReins on colonies tightened
Needed to pay off war debt with revenue from colonists
Worried colonists might rebel, so put troops in citieWorried colonists might rebel, so put troops in cities
Parliament did everything wrong
Proclamation Line (1763): forbade colonists’ moving west
Currency Act (1764): colonists could not print money
Sugar Act (1764): taxed sugar
Increased naval, troop presence, quartered troops in homes
Suspended colonial legislature, trial by jury of peers
Sugar Act
Replaced Molasses Act
Increased patrolling, lowered tax on English molasses, sugar
Colonists bought English sugar, French market dropped off
Other new taxes caused colonial sales to dry up
Triggered global mess, Parliament repealed act in 1766
King, Parliament plodded forward
Continued infuriating, alienating colonists
10 years later, rebellion