IB SL - Mind42

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IB SLDesign Processhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n7ULeWyBN8wThe design cycle model and the design processDescribe how designers use design
cycle models to represent the design
process.DescriptionDesign may be described in a variety of ways and degrees of complexity. Some design cycle models are simple and some are more complex. The design process usually consists of successive stages that can be arranged as a systematic cyclical process that eventually converges to produce a solution to a problem.

List the stages in the IB design cycle
model (DCM).IB Design CycleSix StagesThe DCM comprises six stages, as follows: • identifying or clarifying a need or opportunity • analysing, researching and specifying requirements • generating ideas and solutions • developing the chosen solution • realizing the chosen solution • testing and evaluating the chosen solution.

Describe a design brief.Design briefThe design brief is the formal starting point for a new design. It is a statement of the expectations of the design. The brief does not provide the design solution, but is a statement that sets out: • the design goal (for example, a working prototype to be evaluated in terms of its feasibility for volume production) • the target market for the product (for example, for children, disabled adults) • the major constraints (for example, should comply with new legislation, have fewer working parts, be cheaper to manufacture) within which it must be achieved • the criteria by which a good design proposal may be achieved (for example, increased value for money and/or cost-effectiveness for manufacturer).

Describe the identifying or clarifying
a need or opportunity stage of the IB
design cycle model.DescriptionThe context of the problem is described and a concise brief stated. The design process can begin with a problem, an identified need, a market opportunity, a demand, a desire to add value to an existing product, or a response to opportunities presented by technological developments. The initial design problem is a loose collection of constraints, requirements and possibilities. From this, the designer has to make a coherent pattern. The design brief states the intended outcome and the major constraints within which it must be achieved.

Describe a design specification.Design SpecThe design specification justifies the precise requirements of a design. The specification will include a full list of the criteria against which the specification can be evaluated.

Describe the analysing, researching
and specifying requirements stage of
the IB design cycle model.DescriptionDeveloping the specification from the brief is an evolving process beginning with an initial set of specifications and culminating in a final product design specification (PDS).

Describe the generating ideas and
solutions stage of the IB design cycle
model.DescriptionDivergent thinking is used to consider ways in which a problem may be solved. The starting point for the generation of ideas should be the design specification, and proposals should be evaluated against this specification, with evidence of relevant research used to rate the ideas in terms of their usefulness. A variety of approaches should be used, and different possibilities explored and analysed, before deciding on the most suitable solution.

Describe the developing the chosen
solution stage of the IB design cycle
model.DescriptionA final concept is developed taking into account the conflicting needs of the manufacturer and the user, and the requirement of the design as set out in the specifications. A complete proposal is developed based upon the research and the designer’s personal ideas. This stage involves detailed drawings (of a style relevant to the task).

Describe the testing and evaluating
the chosen solution stage of the IB
design cycle model.DescriptionThe final outcome is tested and evaluated against the requirements set out in the specification. Recommendations for modifications to the design are made. A reiteration process should now begin.

Explain why the IB design cycle
model is not linear and why it is
iterative in practice, thus making it
representative of design thought and
action.ExplanationThe model emphasizes that designing is not a linear process. Evaluation, for example, will take place at various stages of the process, not just at the end. Similarly, ideas for possible solutions are not only generated at the “generating ideas” stage; some good ideas may develop even as early as the “identifying needs” stage. In practice, it is impossible to separate the stages of the design process as clearly as the model suggests.

Explain the role of the designer in the
design process.ExplanationThe designer’s role varies depending on the complexity of the process and the intended outcome.

Describe how designers interact with
others and how the emphasis of the
design process varies depending on
the designer’s role.DescriptionDesigners often work as members of a team. Priorities will vary depending on the nature of the activity. For example, the information required by an architect will be different from that required by an engineer.

Explain why elements of the model
may differ in importance according to
the particular design context.ExplanationDepending upon the nature of the problem, not all elements of the cycle carry the same weight in terms of time allocation and complexity. Points to consider include cost, resources, skills, time, original design specification and product modification.

Define incremental design, radical
design, convergent thinking and
divergent thinking.Describe the relationship between
incremental design and convergent
thinking.Describe the relationship between
radical design and divergent thinking.Explain how elements of the design
model reflect convergent and
divergent thinking.ExplanationConvergent thinking is analytical and solutionfocused, for example, during evaluation. Divergent thinking is conceptual and problem-focused, for example, used to generate ideas.

Explain how design work is often
a combination of incremental and
radical thinking.ExplanationFor example, the use of a new material for a product may be a radical leap forwards but the product may look very similar to previous products: a tennis racquet made from carbon fibre is a radical development, but the shape and form are similar to previous designs.

Communicating ideasGenerating ideasDefine constructive discontent.Identify a design context where
constructive discontent has been the
primary generator of ideas.Product Innovationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MFFNYp1ihNE&playnext=1&list=PL8FC4D2658FCA6552Designers and the product cycleInvention and innovationPeople and marketsGreen designhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jvrOwUpYG90Principles of green designLife cycle analysisStrategies for green designMaterialshttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lVbqKn-VuQ0&feature=relatedIntroducing and classifying materialsProperties of materialsTimberMetalsPlasticsCeramicsCompositesProduct developmenthttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a1-OHJcWewA&feature=relatedManufacturing techniquesCraft productionMechanizationAutomationEconomic considerationsClean manufacturingProduct designhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UhK7VF7U1sMErgonomicsThe designer and societyplanned obsolescencehttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N2KLyYKJGk0Evaluationhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cV43Ir1fyhMEvaluation and designingEvaluation and manufacturingEvaluation and the consumer